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Description

The protein called Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a cleavage fragment protein from the Complement C3 gene. C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. C3's processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. ASP acts as an adipogenic hormone that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport in adipocytes, and thus it helps regulate fat storage and triglyceride synthesis. ASP stimulates triglyceride synthesis via PLC, MAPK and AKT signaling pathways and ASP promotes the phosphorylation and internalization and recycling of Complement factor C5AR2. ASP is expressed in adipocytes and released into the plasma during both the fasting and postprandial periods. Increased levels of C3 and its cleavage product ASP are associated with obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Short-term endurance training reduces baseline ASP levels and subsequently fat storage.