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Description

Geminin (UniProt O75496) is encoded by the GMNN gene (Gene ID 51053) in human. Geminin is a negative regulator of DNA-replication and the founding member of the Geminin family, whose members also include Idas (multicilin, McIdas) and GemC1 (Geminin coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1). Geminin binds Cdt1 and inhibits the mini-chromosome maintenance complex (MCM) loading onto chromatin and pre-replication complex (preRC) formation. Geminin is a 209-amino acid protein that can form homodimer or heterodimers with either Idas or GemC1 via the middle coiled coil structure (a.a. 94-144 of Geminin) in a head-to-tail fashion. The same region in Geminin (a.a. 82-161) is also essential for Cdt1 interaction. A homeodomain-binding domain is located at the C-terminal region of Geminin (a.a. 170-190). GemC1 is also implicated in DNA replication but at a later stage than Geminin. All three Geminin family members play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation.