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Description

D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.95, UniProt O43175, also known as 3-PGDH, Epididymis secretory protein Li 113) is encoded by the PHGDH (also known as 3PGDH, HEL-S-113, NLS, NLS1, PGAD, PGDH, PDG, PGD, PGDH3, PHGDHD, SERA) gene (Gene ID 26227) in human. Originally described by Otto Warburg and now commonly known as the Warburg effect refers to the phenomenon that many tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis instead of mitochondrial respiration for energy production to support cell growth and proliferation. Enzymes involved in the complex network of metabolic pathways are therefore being studied as potential targets for cancer treatment. L-serine is an important precursor for macromolecule biosynthesis. 3-PGDH catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the serine synthesis pathway from 3-phosphoglycerate to phospho-hydroxypyruvate and is important during tumor development. The PHGDH gene is frequently amplified and the enzyme is overexpressed in 70% of the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, 39% of melanoma, and cervical cancers.