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Description

The allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a 17 kDa interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand protein that is encoded within the HLA class III genomic region. AIF-1 is known to be identical with ionized Ca(2+)-binding adaptor 1, microglia response factor-1, and daintain. AIF-1 expression is mostly limited to the macrophage/monocyte lineage, and is augmented by cytokines, such as IFN-gamma. It is reported to be involved in neuronal function, inflammatory responses, allograft rejection, autoimmunity, and the activation and function of macrophages. It is also shown to be expressed in macrophages and microglial cells in autominnume disesases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and neuritis and uveitis models.