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Description

Synaptophysin (UniProt: P07825, also known as Major synaptic vesicle protein p38) is encoded by the Syp gene (Gene ID: 24804) in rat. Synaptophysin belongs to the synaptophysin/synaptobrevin family of proteins. It is one of the major glycoproteins present in presynaptic vesicles and in various neuroendocrine cells of both neuronal and epithelial phenotype. Its structure consists of a hexameric protein of four transmembrane spans with a short cytoplasmic amino and a long carboxy-terminal tail. Both amino- and carboxy-terminals are exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the synaptic vesicle membrane. C-terminal domain of Snaptophysin is selectively required for the endocytosis during, but not after, cessation of sustained synaptic transmission. Synaptophysin is involved in organizing membrane components may regulate endocytosis to ensure vesicle availability following sustained neuronal activity. It is also involved in the regulation of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity. Syp / neurons display functional deficiencies and slower recovery of the recycling synaptic vesicle pool. (Ref.: Kwon, SE and Chapman, ER (2011). Neuron. 70(5): 847 854).