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Description

Beta-2-microglobulin (UniProt: P61769) is encoded by the B2M (also known as CDABP0092, HDCMA22P) gene (Gene ID: 567) in human. Beta-2-microglobulin is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that is involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. It is synthesized with a signal peptide of 20 amino acids, which is subsequently cleaved to generate the mature form. It also contains an Ig-like C1 type domain (aa 25-113). Beta-2-microglobulin lacks a transmembrane anchoring domain and is found in secreted as well as in complex. Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels are a reflection of cell turnover and its levels are shown to be elevated in fever, inflammation, and infection. Increased serum levels are also seen in B-cell malignancies and in renal failure and may indicate a worse prognosis for patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Its levels may be elevated either due to higher rates of synthesis as observed in HIV infection and malignancy or due to impaired renal filtration due to renal insufficiency.