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Description

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (UniProt: Q6UVK1, also known as Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2, Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, Melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan) is encoded by the CSPG4 (also known as MCSP) gene (Gene ID: 1464) in human. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-29), which is subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature form that contains a large extracellular domain (aa 30-2224), a transmembrane domain (aa 2225-2245), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 2246-2322). NG2 plays a role in cell proliferation and migration and stimulates endothelial cells motility during microvascular morphogenesis. It is present in neural cells and in extraneural tissues, especially in the developing mesenchyme. Its level of expression is highest on immature, proliferating cells and decreases when these cells begin to differentiate. It is found on the surfaces of an unusual class of glial cells within the developing and mature central nervous system that have the properties of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. It is a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is produced after spinal cord injury and is expressed by macrophages and oligodendrocyte progenitors. It is also reported to inhibit neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse during axon regeneration.