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Description

5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial (UniProt: P22557, also known as EC: 2.3.1.37, ALAS-E, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, ALAS2, Delta-ALA synthase 2, Delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) is encoded by the ALAS2 (also known as ALASE, ASB) gene (Gene ID: 212) in human. Two forms of ALAS have been described in literature, ALAS1 (ALAS-H) and ALAS2 (ALAS-E). ALAS-H is a housekeeping protein, which mediates synthesis of early heme in the mitochondria of most cells. ALAS-E is a mitochondrial matrix homodimeric enzyme that is also involved in catalyzing the first step in heme biosynthetic pathway. Four isoforms of ALAS-E have been described that are generated by alternate splicing. ALAS-E is synthesized with a transit peptide (aa 1-49) that is cleaved to generate a mature form (aa 50-587). Defects in ALAS2 gene are linked to sideroblastic anemia that is characterized by anemia, hypochromic peripheral erythrocytes, systemic iron overload, and by the presence of bone marrow ringed sideroblasts. Defects in ALAS2 gene are also reported in X-linked dominant form of erythropoietic protoporphyria that is characterized by accumulation and increased excretion of porphyrins or their precursors.