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Description

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (UniProt P37231, also known as Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3, PPAR-gamma, PPARgamma) is encoded by the PPARG (also known as GLM1, NR1C3) gene (Gene ID 5468) in human. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors. PPARs target genes play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis. Three types of PPARs exist, namely alpha, delta (beta), and gamma. In addition, alternative splicings produce three PPAR-gamma isoforms. All PPARs heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements (PPREs, AGGTCANAGGTCA) in the promoter region of target genes. PPARgamma is activated by prostaglandin PGJ2 and certain members of the 5-HETE family of arachidonic acid metabolites, including 5-oxo-15(S)-HETE and 5-oxo-ETE.