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Description

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25 (UniProt: Q71SY5, also known as Activator interaction domain-containing protein 1, Activator-recruited cofactor 92 kDa component, ARC92, Mediator complex subunit 25, p78) is encoded by the MED25 (also known as ACID1, ARC92, PTOV2, TCBAP0758) gene (Gene ID: 81857) in human. It is a member of the Mediator complex subunit 25 family that is ubiquitously expressed. Higher expression levels are observed in brain, heart, kidney, peripheral leukocytes, placenta, skeletal muscle and spleen. It acts as a coactivator that is involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator complex subunit 25 functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Six isoforms of Mediator complex subunit 25 have been described that are generated by alternative splicing. Defects in MED25 gene are known to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2B2, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy.