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Description

Cathepsin S (Uniprot: P25774, EC: 3.4.22.27) is encoded by the CTSS gene (Gene ID: 1520) in human. Cathepsin S is a lysosomal thiol protease that removes invariant chain from MHC class II molecules. It displays higher activity on ZVal-val-Arg-/-Xaa compounds and less activity on Z-Phe-Arg-/-NHMec. Cathepsin S is secreted with a signal (aa 1-16) and a pro-peptide (aa 17-114) sequence that are cleaved to produce active enzyme (aa 115-331). Cathepsin S is involved in antigen presentation, general protein catabolism, and tumor progression. Because of its redistribution or increased levels in human and animal tumors, cathepsin S plays a role in invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of cathepsin S is shown to induce autophagy in tumor cells through EGFR signaling pathway by facilitating EGF-mediated EGFR degradation. Cathepsin S inhibition is shown to delay EGFR degradation and cause EGFR accumulation in the late endosomes at the perinuclear region. (Ref.: Beers, C et al. (2005). J. Immunol. 174(3): 1205-1212, Huang CC et al. (2016). Sci. Rep. 6:29256).