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Description

Sodium/iodide cotransporter (UniProt: Q92911, also known as Na(+)/I(-) cotransporter, Sodium-iodide symporter, Na(+)/I(-) symporter) is encoded by the SLC5A5 (also known as NIS) gene (Gene ID: 6528) in human. Sodium/iodide cotransporter is a multi-pass membrane protein that mediates iodide uptake in thyroid gland. It is expressed primarily in thyroid tissue, but is present in lower levels in mammary gland and ovary. It expression is significantly reduced in tumors. The presence of symporter in mammary glands leads to secretion of iodine in milk that is required for thyroid function in neonatal animals. NIS gene and protein expression is stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone. Both human and rat NIS contain N-glycosylation sites, however, glycosylation is not required for its full activity. Abnormalities in the expression of NIS gene lead to thyroid disease and can result in congenital hypothyroidism. Autoantibodies to NIS adversely affect iodide transport.