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Description

HIV and related viruses require coreceptors, in addition to CD4, to infect target cells. Some G-protein-coupled receptors including CCR5, CXCR4, CCR3, CCR2b and CCR8 in the chemokine receptor family, and four new human molecules GPR15, STRL33, GPR1 and V28 were recently identified as HIV coreceptors (1,2). Among them, CCR5 is a principle coreceptor for macrophage- and dual-tropic HIV-1 strains fusion of entry of human white blood cells (3,4). The amino-terminal domain and the extracellular loops of CCR5 serve as HIV binding sites. CCR5 messenger RNA is expressed in lymphoid organs and monocytes.