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Description

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (UniProt: Q9GZV9, also known as FGF-23, Phosphatonin, Tumor-derived hypophosphatemia-inducing factor) is encoded by the FGF23 (also known as HYPF, UNQ3027/PRO9828) gene (Gene ID: 8074) in human. FGF23 is a growth factor that is produced primarily in the bone tissue and its primary hormonal function is to regulate phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Unlike other FGFs, it has a low affinity for heparin sulfate, which allows it to enter the circulation and act as an endocrine hormone. It inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A (SLC34A1) levels. FGF23 binding to FGFR requires a co?receptor, Klotho, which acts as a scaffold for docking with FGFR1. Together with Klotho, it modulates phosphate reabsorption and both 1 ?hydroxylation and 24?hydroxylation in the renal proximal tubules. FGF23 is reported to inhibit the expression of 1 ?hydroxylase while increasing the expression of 24?hydroxylase, thus reducing the concentration of active 1,25(OH)2D. It can also act directly on the parathyroid to reduce parathyroid hormone secretion. (Ref.: Almel, EA., et al. (2019). J. Bone Min. Res (JMBR Plus). 3(8): e10190).