Back to your search result

Description

Adenylate cyclase type 10 (UniProt: Q96PN6, also known as EC:4.6.1.1, AH-related protein, Adenylate cyclase homolog, Germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase, hsAC, sAC, Testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase) is encoded by the ADCY10 (also known as SAC) gene (Gene ID: 55811) in human. sAC catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP. It is present in cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria and is mainly detected in airway epithelial cells and testis. It is also expressed in several other tissues, but at much lower levels. It serves as a sensor to mediate responses to changes in cellular pH and bicarbonate levels and regulates pH-dependent V-ATPase recycling. sAC is shown to be activated by manganese or magnesium ions. In the presence of magnesium ions, it is activated by bicarbonate, however, in the presence of manganese ions its activity is inhibited by bicarbonate. In the absence of magnesium and bicarbonate, its activity is shown to be weakly activated by calcium ions. sAC plays a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis by producing the cAMP, which regulates cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for sperm maturation in the epididymis. It induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization and is also involved in ciliary beat regulation. sAC is shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of certain hyperproliferative skin disorders via modulation of gene expression. Its levels are shown to be upregulated in the nuclei of keratinocytes in certain hyperproliferative skin diseases, such as psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma. However, it is shown that sAC is lost from the nucleus when a malignant epithelial tumor acquires invasive properties in the dermis. (Ref.: Zippin, JH., et al. (2010). J. Invest. Dermatol. 130(5), 1279-1287, Hess, KC., et al. (2005). Dev Cell. 9(2), 249-259, Pastor-Soler, N., et al. (2003). J. Biol. Chem. 278(49), 49523-49529).