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Description

C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (UniProt: P18340, also known as Gamma-interferon-induced monokine, Monokine induced by interferon-gamma, MIG, MuMIG, Protein m119, Small-inducible cytokine B9) is encoded by the Cxcl9 (also known as Scyb9) gene (Gene ID: 17329) in murine species. CXCL9 is a small cytokine of the CXC chemokine family that lacks the Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) domain. It is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-21), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form. It is induced in macrophages in response to interferon- g and participates in immune and inflammatory response. Its actions are mediated via CXC-chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). CXCL10 and CXCL11 that are structurally related to CXCL9 also serve as ligands for CXCR3 and contribute to its activation in CXCR3 expressing cells. Overexpression of CXCL9 is reported to reduced tumor progression and metastasis via the inhibition of angiogenesis. Conversely, CXCL9 can also act directly on tumor cells expressing the CXCR3 receptor to promote cell migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition.