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Description

Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (UniProt: EC:2.3.1.199, 3-keto acyl-CoA synthase ELOVL5, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5, ELOVL FA elongase 5, Fatty acid elongase 1, hELO1, Very long chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5, Very long chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase 5) is encoded by the ELOVL5 (also known as EVOVL2, PRO0530) gene (Gene ID: 60481) in human. ELOVL5 is a widely expressed, multi-pass membrane protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Higher expression of ELOVL5 is reported in the adrenal gland and testis. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. It exhibits marked preference for polyunsaturated molecules. It allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Significantly higher levels of ELOVL5 are reported in prostate cancer compared to nonmalignant prostate. ELOVL5 depletion is reported to markedly alter mitochondrial morphology and function that leads to excess generation of reactive oxygen species and results in suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation, in vivo tumor growth, and metastasis. ELOVL5 is expressed in the brain in a region- and cell type-specific manner and is abundant in the cerebellum, brainstem, and primary and accessory olfactory regions. Mutations of ELOVL5 gene are known to cause the spino-cerebellar ataxia type 38 (SCA38), a rare autosomal neurological disease characterized by gait abnormality, dysarthria, dysphagia, hyposmia, and peripheral neuropathy. (Ref.: Balbo, I., et al. (2021). Front. Neuroanat. 15, 669073, Centenera, MM., et al. (2021). Cancer Res. 81(7), 1704-1718, Alnabulsi, A., et al. (2019). Int. J. Cancer. 145(4),1138-1147).