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Description

Apolipoprotein B-100 (UniProt: E9Q414, also known as Apo B-100) is encoded by the Apob gene (Gene ID: 238055) in murine species. Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons. Apo B particles are made up of lipids and proteins and each Apo B is bordered by a phospholipid monolayer with an inner core composed of variable amounts of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Apo B is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-27) that is subsequently cleaved off. Two isoforms of Apo B are produced- Apo B-100 is synthesized in the liver and Apo B-48 is produced in the intestine. Apo B-100 contains the region that binds to the LDL receptor. It contains VLDL particles, VLDL remnant particles and LDL particles. On the other hand, the Apo B-48 particles are made of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnant particles. Generally, LDL particles account for approximately 90% of Apo B particles in plasma. Abnormal trapping of an Apo B is a major factor in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. When Apo B particles degrade cholesterol is retained with macrophages that induce inflammatory response. Further entry and entrapment of Apo B can promote cardiovascular pathology over time. (Ref.: Sniderman, A et al. (2010). Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6(6), 335-346).