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Description

Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (UniProt: O95563, also known as Brain protein 44, MPC2) is encoded by the MPC2 (also known as BRP44) in human. MPC2 is a multi-pass inner mitochondrial membrane protein that mediates the imports pyruvate into mitochondria. Pyruvate is an essential component in intermediary metabolism that occupies a key crossroads position between cytosolic glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. MPC2 contains 3 helical domains (aa 41-61, 73-90, and 96-115). In mammalian cells mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is composed on two paralogous subunits known as MPC1 and MPC2 that heteromerize to form a functional complex. It has been reported that MPC2 can also homomerize, however only MPC1/MPC2 heteromeric forms are functional. Complete absence of MPC2 is shown to cause embryonic lethality in murine models, however, murine cell lines that express an N-terminal truncated MPC2 protein (Mpc2 16) are reported to be viable, but exhibit significantly reduced capacity for mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. (Ref.: Compan, V., et al. (2015). Mol. Cell 59(3), 491-501, Vigueira, PA., et al. (2014). Cell Rep. 7(6), 2042-2053).