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Description

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (UniProt: P17706, also known as EC: 3.1.3.48, T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase, TCPTP) is encoded by the PTPN2 (also known as PTPT) gene (Gene ID: 5771) in human. TCPTP is a non-receptor type tyrosine-specific phosphatase that dephosphorylates a variety of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It is also reported to dephosphorylate non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as JAK 1, 2, 3, Src kinases, STAT1, 3, 5, 5B, and 6. TCPTP is ubiquitously expressed and two isoforms have been reported. Isoform 1 is expressed in T-cells and in placenta and is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum by its C-terminal hydrophobic region. Isoform 2 is reported to be the major isoform that predominantly localizes to chromatin and is able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and to plasma membrane to dephosphorylate receptors. It doing so it negatively regulates numerous signaling pathways and biological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and differentiation, and glucose homeostasis. It is also reported to play a multifaceted and important role in the development of the immune system. In T-cell receptor signaling, it functions through dephosphorylation of FYN and LCK to control T-cell differentiation and activation. It also dephosphorylates CSF1R and thereby negatively regulates its downstream signaling and macrophage differentiation.