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Description

Reticulon-4 (UniProt: Q99P72, also known as Neurite outgrowth inhibitor, Nogo protein) is encoded by the Rtn4 (also known as Kiaa0886, Nogo) gene (Gene ID: 68585) in murine species. NOGO proteins are required for the formation and stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. They are also involved in nuclear envelope expansion, nuclear pore complex formation and proper localization of inner nuclear membrane proteins. Three isoforms of NOGO have been described that share a common C-terminal domain but differ in their N-terminal sequence. NOGO-A is the longest isoform and is considered as a developmental neurite growth factor. It acts as a negative regulator of axon-axon adhesion and growth, but also acts as a facilitator of neurite branching. In the adult central nervous system (CNS), it is involved in down-regulation of growth, stabilization of wiring, and restriction of plasticity. It can also serve as a negative regulator of CNS angiogenesis by blocking spreading, migration, and sprouting of primary brain microvascular endothelial cells. Isoform B mainly functions in the endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It promotes the migration of endothelial cells but inhibits the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Isoform C regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Clone NG1 recognizes NOGA-A but does not react with other isoforms. It is shown to strongly bind olfactory bulb axons in the lateral olfactory tract as well as some other growing axons in nervous system. This clone has been use to show that knockdown of NOGO-A reduces the number of axonal collateral branches in olfactory bulb. (Ref.: Iketani, M., et al. (2016). Sci. Rep. 6, 39586, Petrinovic, MM., et al. (2010). Development. 137(15), 2539-2550, Tozaki, H., et al. (2002). Mol. Brain Res. 104(2), 111-119).