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Description

CD166 antigen (UniProt: Q13740, also known as Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, CD166) is encoded by the ALCAM (also known as MEMD) gene (Gene ID: 214) in human. CD166 is a cell adhesion molecule that mediates both heterotypic cell-cell contacts via its interaction with CD6 and homotypic cell-cell contacts. It also promotes T-cell activation and proliferation via its interactions with CD6 and is shown to be involved in the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse via its interactions with CD6. CD166 mediates attachment of dendritic cells onto endothelial cells via homotypic interaction and inhibits endothelial cell migration and promotes endothelial tube formation via homotypic interactions. It has an extracellular (aa 28-527), transmembrane (aa 528-549), and a cytoplasmic (aa 550-583) domain. CD166 is expressed by activated T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and thymic epithelial cells. It is also detected on hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood, on lymph vessel endothelial cells, skin and tonsil, and on peripheral blood monocytes. Lower levels of CD166 are detected in spleen, placenta, and liver. CD166 is also detected in highly metastasizing melanoma cell lines.