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Description

Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha (UniProt Q99250, also known as HBSC II, Sodium channel protein brain II subunit alpha, Sodium channel protein type II subunit alpha, Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.2) is encoded by the SCN2A (also known as EIEE11, BFIS3, NAC2, SCN2A1, SCN2A2) gene (Gene ID 6326) in human. Sodium channels are integral plasma membrane proteins that conduct Na+ transport across the plasma membrane. They are classified as either voltage-gated or ligand-gated based on the nature of the triggering mechanism for channel activation. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are also called voltage-sensitive, voltage-dependent, or Nav channels. VGSCs normally consist of an alpha subunit that forms the ion-conducting pore and one to two beta subunits that have several functions including channel gating modulation, although the expression of the alpha subunit alone is sufficient to produce a functional channel. There exist nine known alpha subunits (Nav1.1 through Nav1.5 encoded by SCN1A through SCN5A and Nav1.6 through Nav1.9 encoded by SCN8A through SCN11A) and four beta subunits (Navbeta1 through Navbeta4 encoded by SCN1B through SCN4B). Beta 1 and beta 3 interact with the alpha subunit non-covalently, whereas beta 2 and beta 4 associate with alpha via disulfide bond. Nav1.2 is a multi-pass membrane protein with 24 membrane regions, having both its N- and C-terminal ends at the cytoplasmic side (a.a. 1-124 & 1777-2005).