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Description

C-C motif chemokine 5 (UniProt: P13501, also known as EoCP, Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine, SIS-delta, Small-inducible cytokine A5, T cell-specific protein P228, TCP228, T-cell-specific protein RANTES, CCL5) is encoded by the CCL5 (also known as D17S136E, SCYA5) gene (Gene ID: 6352) in human. CCL5 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-23), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature protein (aa 24-91), which can further into RANTES (3-68) and RANTES (4-68). CCL5 serves as a chemoattractant for monocytes, memory T-helper cells, and eosinophils. It promotes immune cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. It also causes the release of histamine from basophils. It is involved in the activation of several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. The CCL5 activation of pancreatic cancer cells expressing CCR5 is reported to increase their invasive potential. CCL5 also functions as one of the natural ligands for the CCR5 and is reported to suppress in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1 that uses CCR5 as a coreceptor. The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(3-68). (Ref.: Singh, SK., et al. (2018). Sci. Rep. 8, Article 1323, Lim, JK., et al. (2005). J. Leukoc Biol. 78(2), 442-452).