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Description

Serum response factor (UniProt: Q9JM73, also known as SRF) is encoded by the Srf gene (Gene ID: 20807) in murine species. SRF is a transcription factor that binds to a serum response element (SRE) associated with a variety of genes, including immediate early genes such as c-Fos, FosB, JunB, Egr-1 and -2, neuronal genes such as nurr1 and nur77. It binds to DNA as a dimer and its DNA binding region is localized in amino acids 129-218. By regulating the expression of several genes, it controls cell growth and differentiation, neuronal transmission, and muscle development. Together with Myocardin Related Transcription Factor A (MRTFA) transcription coactivator, it controls the expression of genes regulating cytoskeleton development, morphogenesis, and cell migration. It is also required for cardiac differentiation and maturation. SRF is shown to be activated by a variety of agents, including serum, lysophosphatidic acid, lipopolysaccharide, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and cytokines. Keratinocytes in normal human and mouse skin are reported to express high levels of SRF, but its expression is strongly downregulated in the hyperproliferative epidermis of wounded and psoriatic skin. Loss of SRF is known to disrupt epidermal homeostasis. Mice lacking SRF in cardiac tissue display lethal cardiac defects between E10.5 and E13.5. (Ref.: Hu, X., et al. (2019). Nat. Commun. 10(1), 1695, Koegel, H., et al. (2009). J. Clin. Invest. 119(4), 899-910, Parlakian , A., et al (2004). Mol. Cell Biol. 24(12), 5281-5289, Chai, J., and Tarnawski, AS. (2002). J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53(2), 147-157).