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Description

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (UniProt: P17693, also known as HLA G antigen, MHC class I antigen G) is encoded by the HLA-G (also known as HLA-6.0, HLAG) gene (Gene ID: 3135) in human. HLA-G is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that serves as marker of extravillous cytotrophoblasts in placenta and plays a central role in molecule maternal tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus. It is involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. HLA-G is a heterodimer of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Severn different isoforms of HLA-G have been described that are produced by alternative splicing and their distribution is temporally affected during pregnancy in placenta and fetal tissues. HLA-G expression has been reported in renal cell carcinoma where it is exclusively restricted to tumor cells. Its expression is thought to be involved in the impairment of the anti-tumor immunity or resistance to immunotherapeutic agents. HLA-G is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-24), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form, which contains an extracellular domain (aa 25-308), a transmembrane domain (aa 309-332), and a short cytoplasmic tail (aa 333-338).