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Description

Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (UniProt: P01590, also known as IL-2 receptor subunit alpha, IL-2-RA, IL-2R subunit alpha, IL2-RA, p55, CD25) is encoded by the Il2ra (also known as Il2r) gene (Gene ID: 16184) in murine species. CD25 is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-21), which is subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature form that contains an extracellular domain (aa 22-236), a transmembrane domain (aa 237-257), and a short cytoplasmic domain (aa 258-268). CD25 is mainly expressed on activated T -cells where it serves as a receptor for Interleukin-2 and is involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by controlling regulatory T cells (TREGs) activity that suppresses the activation and expansion of autoreactive T-cells. The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) is composed of three different subunit complexes, the a- (CD25), beta- (CD122) and g-chains (CD132). By itself, CD25 is not sufficient to trigger the IL-2 signaling pathway because it is a low-affinity form of the IL-2 receptor (KD = 10 8 M) that is non-functional with respect to IL-2 internalization and signaling due to its short cytoplasmic tail. It is mainly involved in IL-2 binding thereby stabilizing a secondary binding site for the beta-chain and recruiting g-chain to the cell surface. Clone 7D4 is shown to down-modulate the expression of CD25 on CD4+ T cells but does not affect the level of Foxp3+ T cells. It is also a potent inhibitor of IL 2- driven proliferation of HT2 or CTL-L cells. (Ref.: Nihei, J., et al. (2014). Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol. 4(2), 128-137, Ortega, G., et al. (1984). J. Immunol. 133(4), 1970-1975).