Back to your search result

Description

Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (UniProt: Q8R2Q8, also known as BST-2, HM1.24 antigen, PDCA-1, CD317) is encoded by the Bst2 gene (Gene ID: 69550) in murine species. BST-2 is a single-pass type II disulfide-linked homodimeric membrane protein that shuttles between the cell membrane, where it is present predominantly in membrane/lipid rafts, and the trans-Golgi network. Its dimerization is essential for its antiviral activity. BST-2 is also shown to form a complex with MMP-14 and localize to the cytoplasm. BST-2 is highly expressed on type I interferon-producing cells in naï,ve mice. Its levels in most cells are elevated following treatment with type I IFNs and IFN-gamma. It serves as an IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor that efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. It acts as a direct physical tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be either internalized by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their spread as cell-free virions is restricted. BST-2 is synthesized with a propeptide (aa 153-172), which is removed to generate the mature form. The mature form has a cytoplasmic domain (aa 1-30), a transmembrane domain (aa 31-51), and the extracellular domain (aa 52-152). Within the extracellular region, it has a coiled coil domain (aa 74-147) that forms an extended 17 nm long semi-flexible rod-like structure, which is essential for virion retention at the cell surface and prevent virus spreading.