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Description

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, cytosolic (UniProt: P36969-2, also known as PHGPx, Glutathione peroxidase 4, GPx-4, GSHPx-4) is encoded by the GPX4 gene (Gene ID: 2879) in human. Three functionally distinct isozymes of GPx4 have been described and are known as mGPx4 (mitochondrial), cGPx4 (cytosolic), and nGPx4 (nuclear). They originate from a single GPX4 gene. The cytosolic isoform is ubiquitously expressed at moderate levels in most mammalian cells. On the other hand, mitochondrial and nuclear isoforms are overexpressed in spermatoid cells. Clone Mab63-1 specifically recognizes cGPx4 in human and its ortholog in mouse. However, it does not recognize rat GPx4. GPx4 is a considered to be a moonlighting protein that has been implicated in anti-oxidative defense, gene expression regulation, and programmed cell death, and as a structural protein in spermatogenesis. Homozygous GPx4-deficient mice are reported to die utero before E7.5. Similarly, homozygous mice expressing catalytically inactive GPx4 variants (Sec46Ala/Ser mutant) do not survive beyond the 7th day of embryogenesis. (Ref.: Borchert, A., et al (2010). Immunol. Lett. 133 (2), 85-93).