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Description

NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein (UniProt: P26718, also known as Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K member 1, NK cell receptor D, NKG2-D-activating NK receptor, CD314) is encoded by the KLRK1 (also known as D12S2489E, NKG2D) gene (Gene ID: 100528032) in human. NK cell receptor D is a homodimeric, disulfide-linked, single-pass type II membrane protein that can also form heterohexamers along with four subunits of HCST/DAP10. NK cell receptor D contains a cytoplasmic domain (aa 1-51), a transmembrane helical domain (aa 52-72), and an extracellular domain (aa 73-216). It functions as an activating and co-stimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells. It provides both stimulatory and co-stimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to their cytotoxic activity. Also acts as a co-stimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8+ T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation. NK cell receptor D is expressed in natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ alpha-beta and gamma-delta T-cells. Its expression in NK cells is upregulated by interleukin 15 (IL15).