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Description

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0 (UniProt: Q14103, also known as hnRNP D0, AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1, AUF1) is encoded by the HNRNPD (also known as AUF1, HNRPD) gene (Gene ID: 3184) in human. AUF1 is one of several proteins that exhibits high-affinity binding and specificity for AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3 untranslated regions (3 UTRs). It also binds to double- and single-stranded DNA sequences in a specific manner and functions a transcription factor. AUF1 is also considered as an RNA destabilizing protein. Four isoforms of AUF1 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Although the role of each isoform has not been fully characterized, a direct correlation has been observed between each AUF1 isoform s binding affinity and its RNA destabilizing activity toward different AREs, with the isoforms p37 and p42 being the most effective. It contains several RNA binding domains and each of these specifically can bind solely to a single-stranded non-monotonous 5'-UUAG-3' sequence and also to the single-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' telomeric DNA repeat in a weaker manner. AUF1 is reported to be localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs and its cytoplasmic localization oscillates diurnally. AUF1 is also shown to a bcl2 mRNA binding protein and all four isoforms can form complexes with bcl2 ARE. AUF1 is also involved in the downregulation of ARE mediated bcl2 mRNA during apoptosis. Clone 5B9 is shown to bind to an epitope within the RNA binding domain II (RBD2). This is a common epitope present in RBD2 of all isoforms of AUF1. (Ref.: Dogar, MA., et al. (2018). PLoS One. 13(11), e0206823, Kajita, Y., et al. (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270(38), 22167-22175, Ishikawa, F., et al. (1993). Mol. Cell Biol. 13(7), 4301-4310).