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Description

G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (UniProt: P30280, also known and Cyclin D2,CCND2) is encoded by the Ccnd2 (also known as Cyl-2) gene (Gene ID: 12444) in murine species. Cell cycle progression is regulated by the sequential events that include activation and subsequent inactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) and cyclins. Cyclins impart substrate specificity to the CDK/cyclin complex. D-type cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) are known to have critical roles in cell cycle progression, differentiation, and malignant transformation. They are encoded by distinct genes but show significant amino-acid similarity. D-type cyclins are shown to associate with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4, CDK6) and promote phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, RB and RB-related proteins. Phosphorylation of RB allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes that are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase.