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Description

Transcription factor SOX-11 (UniProt: P35716, also known as SOX-11) is encoded by the SOX11 gene (Gene ID: 6664) in human. Sox-11 is a neural transcription factor that is involved in the embryonic neurogenesis and plays a role in tissue modeling during development, neuronal cell proliferation, and survival. Its expression is primarily observed in the brain and heart and low expression is detected in the kidney, pancreas, and muscle. Its transient activity during neurogenesis is critical to ensure the precise execution of the neurogenic program. Sox-11 serves as a transcription factor and acts as a transcriptional activator. It binds cooperatively with Brn2 or Oct6, which enhances its transcriptional activation. Sox-11 activity is controlled by epigenetics and transcriptional mechanisms and by post-translational modifications. Its three highly conserved phosphorylation sites, serine 30, 133, and 137, surrounding the DNA-binding high-mobility group (HMG box), are reported to modulate its transcriptional activity. These sites are unique to Sox-11. Serine 30 phosphorylation is reported to promote its nuclear over cytoplasmic localization. Phosphorylation of serine 133 by PKA modulates dendrite development of adult-born dentate granule neurons and fine tunes the activated of selected target genes. Higher expression of Sox-11 has been shown in Mantle cell lymphoma. Mutations in SOX11 gene are known to cause Coffin-Siris syndrome 9 that is characterized multiple malformations and intellectual disability. Mice deficient in Sox-11 exhibit defects in multiple organs including the lung, heart, and pancreas.