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Description

Replication factor C subunit 1 (UniProt: P35251, also known as Activator 1 140 kDa subunit, A1 140 kDa subunit, Activator 1 large subunit, Activator 1 subunit 1, DNA-binding protein PO-GA, Replication factor C 140 kDa subunit, RF-C 140 kDa subunit, RFC140, Replication factor C large subunit) is encoded by the RFC1 (also known as RFC140) gene (Gene ID: 5981) in human. Replication factor C (RFC) is a multi-subunit DNA replication factor that is composed of five subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kDa size. These five subunits exist in all eukaryotes and are highly conserved in both structure and function. RFC1 is the largest subunit in this complex. RFC serves as a DNA-dependent ATPase that binds in a structure-specific manner to the 3 end of a primer hybridized to a template DNA. This ATPase is activated in the presence of primer/template DNA and is further stimulated by PCNA addition. In eukaryotes, it acts as a clamp loader that can bind and open the homotrimeric PCNA clamp, and then load PCNA onto a template-primer junction in an ATP-dependent reaction. Coupled with ATP hydrolysis, RFC is ejected from the PCNA clamp for the next round of DNA synthesis and then the clamp recruits DNA polymerases for processive elongation of DNA chains. In addition to its role in DNA replication, RFC also plays a role in DNA polymerase switching, DNA repair, and check-point control in cell cycle progression. RFC1 displays wide tissue distribution but is undetectable in placental tissue. (Ref.: Chen, Y., et al. (2018). Front. Plant Sci. 9, 779, Bunz, F., et a. (1993). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90 (23), 11014-11018, Tsurimoto, T., and Stillman, B. (1989). EMBO J. 8(12), 3883-3889).