Back to your search result

Description

Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 (EC 1.14.11.n2, UniProt Q3URK3, also known as CXXC-type zinc finger protein 6, Ten-eleven translocation 1 gene protein homolog) is encoded by the Tet1 (also know as Cxxc6, Kiaa1676) gene (Gene ID 52463) in murine species. TET (ten-eleven translocation) proteins (TET1, TET2, and TET3) oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine, providing a means for active epigenetic DNA demethylation in mammals. TET proteins also modify genomic thymine residues to 5-hydroxyuracil. TET proteins depend on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors for activity, and 2-oxoglutarate is known to inhibit their activity, while ascorbate is shown to stimulate TET-mediated cytosine oxidation. In addition, post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation, also play a role in regulating the activity of TET proteins. TET1 and TET2 are found highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and TET3 is known to be upregulated in oocytes and oxidize the silenced paternal pronuclear DNA. High levels of TET proteins and genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in neuronal tissues are also reported.