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Description

Retinal dehydrogenase 1 (UniProt: P00352, also known as EC: 1.2.1.36, RALDH 1, RalDH1, ALDH-E1, ALHDII, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic) is encoded by the ALDH1A (also known as ALDC, ALDH1, PUMB1) gene (Gene ID: 216) in human. Retinal dehydrogenase 1 is a ubiquitously distributed cytosolic enzyme that serves as a detoxification enzyme and also generates retinoic acid. It catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid that is essential for differentiation, development, and survival of dopaminergic neurons. It can also play a role in cellular defense against oxidative stress by oxidizing 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) produced during lipid peroxidation. It is also involved in several other biological processes, such as stem cell maintenance, UV-radiation resistance, melanogenesis, and spermatogenesis, by catalyzing the conversion of specific aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Retinal dehydrogenase 1 contains multiple NAD binding sites. (Ref.: Paval, D., et al. (2017). Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci. 5(3), 229-236).