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Description

Protein sprouty homolog 1 (UniProt O43609, also known as Spry-1) is encoded by the SPRY1 gene (Gene ID 10252) in human. Sprouty was originally identified in Drosophila as a negative regulator of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling during tracheal development. There exist four mammalian homologs (SPRY1-4) that likewise mediate feedback inhibition against growth factor-/receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK-) dependent Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Loss of function studies in mice show that SPRY1 and SPRY2 play critical roles during early development of multiple organ rudiments, including external genitalia, eye, kidney, inner ear, tooth, and cortical patterning in the brain. In addition, evidences indicate that SPRY1 plays an antiproliferative and tumor-suppressing role in cancers. SPRY1 downregulation is reported in various cancer types, including prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers, and SPRY1 expresion has been proposed as a marker of good prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma.