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Description

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (UniProt: Q9BQ51, also known as PD-1 ligand 2, PD-L2, PDCD1 ligand 2, Programmed death ligand 2, Butyrophilin B7-DC, B7-DC, CD273) is encoded by the PDCD1LG2 (also known as B7DC, CD273, PDCD1L2, PDL2) gene (Gene ID: 80380) in human. Three isoforms of PD-L2 have been reported that are produced by alternative splicing. Isoforms 1 and 2 are single-pass type I membrane proteins and isoform 3 is a secreted protein. PD-1 and PD-1 ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2) are B7:CD28 family members that regulate T cell activation and peripheral tolerance. When engaged together with the TCR, the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands delivers an inhibitory signal to T cell proliferation and cytokine production. While PD-L1 is broadly expressed in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, PD-L2 expression is highly restricted to antigen presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. The PD-1 pathway plays a key role in the progressive loss of effector T cell responses during chronic HIV infection. Under some conditions, blockade of this pathway can restore many T cell functions. PD-L2 is initially produced with signal peptide (aa 1-19) that is removed to produce the mature protein that contains a large extracellular region (aa. 20-220), a transmembrane domain (aa 221-241), and a cytoplasmic tail (aa 242-273).