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Description

Immune checkpoint proteins are regulators of immune activation and play a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and are involved in cancer immune escape. These immune system molecules demonstrate the ability to act both as agonists (co-stimulatory checkpoint molecules) or antagonists (co-inhibitory checkpoint molecules) of immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs targeting inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins, such as CTLA-4 and PD-L1, have demonstrated efficacy in cancer immunotherapy by improving the antitumor immune response and saving lives in the treatment of many malignancies. Immune checkpoint proteins may express on immune cells and/or tumor cells as activating receptors or inhibitory receptors. Many immune checkpoint proteins are also expressed as soluble forms in circulation and in the tumor and tumor microenvironment and are putative biomarkers for immunotherapy in various diseases including cancer.The MILLIPLEX(R) Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Protein Panel 1 is a 17-plex kit to be used for the simultaneous quantification of any or all of the following analytes in serum, plasma and tissue culture samples: BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator), CD27 (Cluster of differentiation 27), CD28 (Cluster of differentiation 28), CD40 (Cluster of differentiation 40), CD80/B7-1 (Cluster of differentiation 80/B7-1), CD86/B7-2 (Cluster of differentiation 86/B7-2), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), GITRL (Ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR), GITR (Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein), HVEM (Herpesvirus entry mediator), ICOS (Inducible T-cell costimulator), LAG-3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3), PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1), PD-L2 (Programmed death-ligand 2), PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1), TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3), TLR-2 (Toll like receptor 2).