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Description

EF5 is a 2-nitroimidazole-based hypoxia marker that selectively binds hypoxic cells., A number of imaging markers which target hypoxia exist and are widely used in research. EF5 (2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide) is a compound developed at the University of Pennsylvania by Dr. Cameron Koch and Dr. Sydney Evans. Upon injection into animal tissues, EF5 selectively binds to hypoxic cells and forms adducts. A mouse monoclonal antibody, clone ELK3-51 which is directly conjugated to either Cyanine 3 or Alexa Fluor(R) 488 is then used to selectively bind the EF5 adducts.Advantages of the EF5 Hypoxia Detection:&bull, EF5 exists in only one form:Pimidozole, an alternative hypoxia marker, exists in two forms, one of which is charged and very hydrophilic, the other lipophilic. Pimidozole thus has a very complex biodistribution. In contrast, EF5 is lipophilic and uncharged and this allows very rapid and even tissue distribution. Reference:Koch CJ (2002) Measurement of absolute oxygen levels in cells and tissues using oxygen sensors and 2-nitroimidazole EF5. Methods in Enzymology 352: 3-31.