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Description

Tubulin alpha-1 chain (UniProt P09733, also known as alpha-tubulin) is encoded by the TUB1 gene (Gene ID 854889) in yeast. Microtubules are dynamic protein filaments involved in a wide variety of cellular activities ranging from mitosis and transport events to cell movement and the maintenance of cell shape. Microtubules are assembled from &alpha,- and &beta,-tubulin subunits, both of which are subjected to various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, polyglutamylation, polyglycylation, detyrosination, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation. These PTMs can regulate the polymerization properties of tubulins and/or their interactions with microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and motor proteins. Because the C-terminus tyrosine/phenylalanine is preceded by glutamate (E) residues, the detyrosinated/dephenylalaninated &alpha,-tubulin is also referred to as Glu-tubulin. While tyrosine can be reattached to the C-terminus of the Glu-tubulin by tubulin-tyrosine ligase in mammals, phenylalanine is not added posttranslationally to the Glu-tubulin in yeast despite the presence of the yeast YBR094w gene that exhibits significant homology to tubulin-tyrosine ligase in other organisms