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Description

V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 (UniProt Q80SY3, also known as Osteoclast-specific vacuolar ATP synthase, V-ATPase subunit d 2, Vacuolar proton pump subunit d 2) is encoded by the Atp6v0d2 gene (Gene ID 242341) in murine species. V-ATPase is a proton pump consists of an 8-subunit (subunit A through H) peripheral catalytic V1 complex (V1) and a 6-subunit (a, c, c , d, e, and c' in yeast or Ac45 in higher eukaryotes) catalytic integral membrane V0 proton pore complex. V0 subunit d is a 38 kDa protein located at the cytosolic face of the membrane. There exist two mammalian subunit d isoforms, d1 and d2, encoded by two separate genes, ATP6V0D1 and ATP6V0D1. While d1 is expressed ubiquitously, d2 was expressed in specific tissues, such as kidney, lung, and bone. In addtion, d2 expression level is about 5-fold higher than d1 in osteoclasts. Atp6v0d1-knockout is embryonic lethal in mice, while Atp6v0d2 deletion does not affect V-ATPase function, but decreases cell to cell fusion. V-ATPase subunit d 2 transcription is mediated by transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) that is essential for osteoclastogenesis.