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Description

Glutamate decarboxylase 2/Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (UniProt: Q05329/Q99259, also known as 65 kDa/67kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD-65/67, Glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 kDa isoform) is encoded by GAD2/GAD1 (also known as GAD65/GAD67) gene (Gene ID: 2572/2571) in human. Glutamate decarboxylase isoforms are expressed in the brain where it is involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis. Glutamate decarboxylase 2 is also expressed in pancreatic tissue. Both GAD65 and GAD67 synthesize GABA at different locations in the cell and at different developmental stages. Usually, GAD1 is distributed evenly throughout the cell while isoform GAD2 is mainly localized to nerve terminals. GAD1 synthesizes GABA for neuronal activity that is related to as synaptogenesis and protection from neural injury. However, GAD2 isoform synthesizes GABA for neurotransmission activity.