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Description

G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (UniProt Q7Z2K8, also known as GRIN1) is encoded by the GPRIN1 (also known as KIAA1893) gene (Gene ID 114787) in human. Originally identified as a binding protein for guanosine 5&prime,-3-O-(thio)triphosphate-bound G(z)alphaz, G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (GPRIN1) is a signaling molecule that functions as a downstream target of G(o)alpha. When co-expressed with constitutively active form of G(o)alpha, GPRIN1 is demonstrated to stimulate neurite extensions in Neuro2a cells. Gprin1 expression in mice is limited to the nervous system at all developmental stages, occurring within the entire embryonic mantle zones and becoming restricted to sets of nuclei at postnatal to adult stages. Gprin1 immunoreactivity is found colocalized with G(o)alpha at neuronal dendrites and axons, while being undetected in glial cells. Studies conducted in rat reveals that 7 nicotinic receptor ( 7) significantly reduces axon growth in hippocampal neurons by coupling to Gprin1, which targets it to the growth cone. RNAi-mediated Gprin1 knockdown abolishes the localization and calcium signaling of 7 at the growth cone. The 7/Gprin1 interaction appears intimately linked to a G(o)alpha, growth-associated protein 43, and CDC42 cytoskeletal regulatory pathway within the developing axon.