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Description

IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51 (UniProt: Q61559, also known as FcRn, IgG Fc fragment receptor transporter alpha chain, Neonatal Fc receptor) is encoded by the Fcgrt (also known as Fcrn) gene (Gene ID: 14132) in murine species. FcRn is a single-pass type I membrane protein that binds to the Fc region of monomeric immunoglobulins gamma. FcRn complex consist of two subunits: p51 and p14 and contains one Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain of 88 amino acids. FcRn mediates the selective uptake of IgG from milk and helps newborn animals to acquire passive immunity. In rodents, FcRn functions effectively in the neonatal period when it transports maternally derived IgG in ingested milk across the epithelial-cell layer of the proximal small intestine. However, in humans it transports maternal antibody to the fetus across the placenta. In rodent FcRn-IgG complexes are transcytosed across the intestinal epithelium and IgG is released from FcRn into blood or tissue fluids. FcRn also protects IgG from degradation providing long half-life of this class of antibody in the serum. (Ref.: Roopenian,, DC and Shreeram,, A (2007). Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7(9), 715-725).