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Description

Chitotriosidase-1 (UniProt: Q13231, also known as EC: 3.2.1.14, Chitinase-1) is encoded by the CHIT1 gene (Gene ID: 1118) in human. Chitinase-1 is a member of the Chitinase class II subfamily that degrades chitin, chitotriose and chitobiose. It is one of the most abundantly secreted protein and is mainly produced by activated macrophages and epithelial cells. Chitinase -1 can hydrolyze the beta-(1, 4)-linkage between the adjacent N-acetyl glucosamine residues of chitin. It may also participate in the defense against nematodes and other pathogens. Four isoforms of Chitinase-1 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing and isoform 3, which lacks amino acids 344-372, does not possess any enzymatic activity. Chitinase-1 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-21), which is subsequently cleaved to generate the mature form. Its chitin-binding domain is located in amino acids 417-466 and has three chitooligosaccharide binding regions (aa 7-71, 97-100, and 210-213). Elevated levels of Chitinase-1 are observed in cases of Gaucher's disease, bronchial asthma, and atherosclerosis. (Ref.: Kanneganti, M., et al. (2012). J. Epithel. Biol. Pharmacol. 5, 1-9).