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Description

Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A (UniProt: Q92830, also known as EC 2.3.1.48, General control of amino acid synthesis protein 5-like 2, Histone acetyltransferase GCN5, HsGCN5, Lysine acetyltransferase 2A, STAF97) is encoded by the KAT2A (also known as GCN5, GCN5L2, HGCN5) gene (Gene ID: 2648) in human. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are transcription co-activators recruited by transcriptional activators to target gene promoters, where they enhance the transcription activity by acetylating lysine residues within the N-terminal regions of histones. KAT2A has significant histone acetyltransferase activity with core histones, but not with nucleosome core particles. It is also shown to acetylate non-histone proteins, such as CEBPB. It is also responsible for the acetylation of histone H3 at the gamma-H2A.X harboring nucleosomes at the site of DNA damage, thus establishing a cross-talk between the two histone modifications. It is expressed in all tissues and high expression is observed in ovary. Two isoforms of KAT2A have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. It has three acetyl CoA-binding sites (aa 579-581, 586-592, and 617-620) and an N-acetyltransferase domain (aa 503-656) and a bromo domain (aa 745-815). Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A plays important roles in multiple stages of T cell functions, including development, clonal expansion, and differentiation. Loss of its activity is shown to impair T cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and Th1/Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cell differentiation. In case of HIV-1 infection, it is recruited by the viral protein Tat and regulates Tat's transactivating activity and may help inducing chromatin remodeling of proviral genes. (Ref.: (Ref.: Gao, B et al. (2017). J. Immunol. 198(10), 3927-3938).