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Description

C-terminal-binding protein 2 (UniProt P56545, also known as CtBP2) is a nuclear protein encoded by the CTBP2 gene (Gene ID 1488) in human. CtBP1 and CtBP2 are closely related proteins that are encoded by the vertebrate genome and perform both unique and duplicative functions. Upon activation by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding to their dehydrogenase domains, CtBP1 and CtBP2 exert transcriptional repression activity primarily via recruitment of a corepressor complex that consists of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone methyltransferases, although CtBPs can also repress transcription through HDAC-independent mechanisms. A critical function of CtBPs lies in the transcriptional repression of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bax, Puma, Bik, and Noxa. CtBP2 is essential for proper development of the nervous system. Acetylation by histone acetyl transferase p300 regulates CtBP2 activity and subcellular localization, while microenvironmental oxygen levels influences the dimerization, acetylation, and thereby the activity of CtBP2 in proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs).