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Description

The TGF-beta signalling cascade regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. It plays a fundamental role in a number of different physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, adult homoeostasis, tumourigenesis and tissue fibrogenesis. Smad7 has been identified as a key negative regulator of TGF-beta signalling, antagonising it through multiple mechanisms in both the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Altered expression of Smad7 is often associated with human diseases, such as cancer, tissue fibrosis and inflammatory diseases.