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Description

Neurogranin (UniProt: Q92686, also known as Ng, RC3) is encoded by the NRGN gene (Gene ID: 4900) in human. Neurogranin is abundantly expressed in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum. In neurons, it is found concentrated at dendritic spines. It acts as a third messenger and serves as a substrate for protein kinase C-mediated molecular cascades during synaptic development and remodeling. It contains an IQ domain (aa 26-347) and a collagen-like domain (aa 48-78). The IQ domain mediates its interaction with calmodulin and phosphatidic acid (PA). Neurogranin is intrinsically unstructured, however, upon binding with calmodulin, the IQ domain adopts a helical conformation. Neurogranin is phosphorylated at serine 36 by protein kinase C and following phosphorylation neurogranin is unable to bind either calmodulin or PA, which can lead to decline in memory-associated functions. Higher levels of neurogranin have also been reported in brains of elderly and is considered a factor in memory decline, independent of Alzheimer s disease. (Ref.: Javier Dı,'ez-Guerra, F. (2010). Life. 62(8): 597-606, Casaletto, KB et al. (2017). Neurology 89(17), 1782-1788).